The second work package develops and tests collaborative knowledge practices as part of on-going environmental planning and management processes. The core idea of inclusive knowledge practices is to bring different knowledge holders \u2212 scientists, managers, policy-makers and place-based experts \u2212 to learn from each other and create a shared knowledge base that different actors find relevant and reliable.<\/span><\/p>\n Such collaborative knowledge practices include policy dialogue, citizen juries, citizen science initiatives, interactive knowledge brokering strategies and joint fact finding.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Interactive knowledge practices are needed<\/strong> because no single actors has the sufficient knowledge \u00a0and understanding to address complex societal problems such as environmental questions unilaterally. Instead, the actors depend on each other to create acceptable, and wise, solutions. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Societal decision-making should be based on best available knowledge but paradoxically the vast amount of scientific research can obscure useful information. Current problems associated with harnessing scientific information in policy-making also include the silo effect, strategic use of scientific knowledge, and mismatch of the timeframes between scientific research and policy-making. We are also are witnessing an erosion of credibility of experts and the information they provide, especially in wicked problems, which defy simple solutions by facts.<\/span><\/p>\n In the first stage<\/strong>, we will consolidate information about promising inclusive knowledge practices, map out potential real-life case studies, and design a collaborative production approach for each test case. <\/span><\/p>\n In the second stage<\/strong>, we will carry out the empirical case studies, in which we apply collaborative knowledge \u00a0production approaches, and evaluate their potential and problems in creating relevant and reliable knowledge base from the participants\u2019 perspective. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n